The connection between the spherical head and the cylinder is vital for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of pressure vessels. This connection is essential for the vessel’s ability to withstand internal pressure and maintain structural integrity.

Spherical heads excel in bearing pressure and are often used in high-pressure vessels due to their ability to achieve greater strength with thinner walls compared to other head types. This material efficiency reduces costs, making them a preferred choice in pressure vessel design. However, the significant difference in wall thickness between the spherical head and the cylinder poses challenges for manufacturing and structural stability. National standards like GB/T150 require the weld between the cylinder and spherical head to be a Class A welded joint to ensure safety.

The spherical shell typically requires much thinner walls than the cylinder. For example, the spherical shell’s thickness is usually half that of the cylinder’s wall thickness. This disparity makes it difficult to achieve a seamless connection, as the cylinder cannot be directly matched to the spherical head’s thickness.

Due to the wall thickness difference, a direct connection between the cylinder and spherical head is impractical. Chamfering the cylinder to match the spherical head’s thickness could result in insufficient strength, leading to vessel failure. To compensate, the un-chamfered part of the cylinder would need to be thicker, increasing production costs—especially for large vessels.

One solution is cladding, where the end of the cylinder is locally thickened to meet the design requirements. While effective, this method can be expensive due to the cost of cladding materials.

Another approach is to thicken the spherical shell. By extending the cylinder and trimming the edge accordingly, the thickness mismatch can be resolved. Edge chamfering ensures the structural continuity of the connection and helps align the stress states of both components, ensuring that the vessel meets the required standards.

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